Apparatus for the manufacture of hollow glassware.



- 'PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908. G. P. COX.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW GLASSWARE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.20,1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Wig. Z.

TM: 1 Q.

No. 880,482. PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

G. F. 00X. APPARATUS FOR THE MAN UFAGTURE 0F HOLLOW GLASSWARE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.20,190

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2 W/T/VESSE S A TTOH/VEYS No. 880,482. C F 00X PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW GL ASSWARE'.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED APR.20, 1907.

.m TM 7 0 R s 1 2 V W 2 G a I V l fi II I. V Bi g? 54$ 4 M E 47 I H o m m H 1 v K flqzflfl w W WITNESSES Z0 2 ATTORNEYS No. 880,482. PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

O. F. OOX. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW GLASS WARE.

a sHnTssHBET 4.

APPLICATION FILED APB..20,190'7.

INVENTOI? c0 64 9 @hr AWOHNEYS No. 880,482. PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908. G. F. 00X. APPARATUS FOR THE MAN W GLASSWARE.

UFAOTURB OP HOLLO APPLICATION FIL ED APR.20, 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

INVENTOI? B) mu 7 M A77'0/7NEYS Wig-"1U.

w/msssg CHARLES F. COX OF BRIDGETON, NEW JERSEY.

'APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE 01-3 HOLLOW GLASSWARE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 25, 1908.

Original application filed November 18, 1905, Serial No. 287.917. Divided and this application filed April 20. 1907- Serial No. 369308-- pointed out in the appended claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a portion of a machine for manufacturing glassware according to my invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation showing the parts in a different position; Fig.3 is an enlarged detail section thereof; Fig.4 is a similar view with the mechanism in a different position; Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken on the line 55 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is an elevation with parts in section showing the apparatus in conjunction with the means for raising and lowering the'blank mold; Figs. 7 and 8 are top views of the mechanism for opening the vacuum finishing mold showing the same in two dif-' ferent positions; Figs. 9 and 10 are respec tively a top view with parts in section, and a sectional elevation of the mechanism for raising and lowering the blank mold, and for opening and closing the same; Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of a slightly modified construction; and Fig. 12 is a-section on line 12-12 of Fig. 1c. k r

Arepresents a cylinder providedat its uper end with a reduced bore B, with which it is connected by a by-pass B; said cylinder is supported upon a table C. The cylinder A. is connected with a convenient compressed I air supply at D, and the reduced portion B is also connected with such source of compressed air at E. Apiston F, secured to a ollowpiston rod G having openingss G, is adapted to work in the cylinder A, in the manner to be morefully described hereinafter; To the free end of this piston rod Gis secured as by a screw threadaheadH', which in turn carries a neck mold I A second pis-ton'J, is'

secured to a piston rod K located-inside of the hollow piston rod G. This second'piston rod K'carries at its free end a valve cage-L which snugly fits the inside of the piston rod G and has secured to it a plunger M; A valve N is located inside of the valve cage L and engages a seat 0 on said cage, which is further provided with openings P and Q. A

stufling box R is supported by the table C, and is provided with a chamber R connected by a pipe R with-a vacuum pump of any well known description.

S is a mold casingcarrying the perforated finishing mold S. The moldcasing S and mold S are made in two sections and are capable of being opened and closed asshown in Figs. 1 and This opening and closing of the finishing mold may be accomplished in any convenient manner, as by supporting each section of the mold and mold casing on swinging arms S fulcrumed at .S upon the table T.

A movable bottom U is ada ted to slide into position beneath the mold when said mold is in the closed position as shown in Fig. 2, through the medium of suitable mechanism described hereinafter. This sliding bottom U is provided with a chamber U connected by a pipe U with a convenient vacuum pump.

V is a blank mold made in two sections and adapted to be raised-and lowered in any convenient manner, a particular'mechanism 'for this purpose being described hereinafter.

This blank mold V is adapted for air tight' connection with the neck mold Ifor the purposes to be more clearly brought outhereinafter.

W is a supporting table located over the receptacle containing the molten glass W A and carrying knives X adapted to be brought together by suitable mechanism. I

The perforatedbottom U is attachedtoa slide U moving in. a slideway T" of the table T-. This slide has an opening U of'a proper size to allow the piston rod-G and the neck mold I to pass therethrough. Theslide U has a pin U Working in a-c-arn groove U in a suitable part-attached to the shaft'Z. This shaft is provided with another cam member,

having a groove Z, which operateson a 'rod- 1 attached'to-a cross head 2', andsuitabiy guidedso as to reeiprccate in the same direc tion as the slide U pivoted links 3, which are connectedwith the arms S of the mold casing S; pivoted at S as hereinbefore. stated. The two-cam grooves [Fa-rid Z are so arranged that when the finishing mold iaelose'd,v the bottom U Tothe cross head=2 are I will be in registry with the sections of the mold, but-when the mold is open, the opening U will be in axial alinement with the piston'rod G.

The blank moldV (see Figs. 6, 9 and 10) consists of two sections having lips V which when the mold is closed, fit around vertical rods 4 along which the blank mold is adapted to slide up and down. sections is rovided with an outwardly extending bo t V each having a nut V These bolts are engaged loosely by arms 5 Which arefulcrumed at 6 and carry or support the mold sections, which are guided rectilinearly by a suitable member, such as the rib 9 or outward, carrying the blank mold sections in a like direction, by means of rods 7 projected from pistons 8, suitable nuts or other abutments being provided on each piston rod at each side of the respective arms 5. The pistons 8 are arranged within a cylinder 9,. and are pressed toward each other as shown in Figs. 9 and 12, as long as compressed air from the pipe 11 (connected with the inlet E at the top of the cylinder A) enters the cylinder 9 through a port 10 (Figs. 10 and 12) having branches leading to the ends of the cylinder. When the pistons are in this position, they close ports 12 leading from the cylinder 9 to a pipe 13 which is connected with the inlet D at the lower end of the cylinder A. At the center of the cylinder 9 is located another air inlet port 14, which is connected, by a pipe 15, with the outlet 16 of a cylinder 17, containing a piston 18. This piston is connected by a piston rod 19 with toggle links 20, connected with levers 21, fulcrumed at 22. With the other ends of the said levers are connected links X pivotally attached to the knives X mounted to slide in suitable guideways X. The cylinder 17 has two inlets 23 and 24 respectively at its opposite ends.- The inlet 23 is connected with a source of com ressed air supply, together with the inlet of the cylinder A and the inlet 10 of the cylinder 9, as indicated in Fig. 6. The inlet 24 is connected by a pipe 25 with a port 26 in a cylinder 27'. This cylinder contains a piston 28 which by means of a rod 29 engages and is adapted to lift the cylinder 9 and the parts connected therewith, among them the blank mold V. The cylinder 27 has a compressed air inlet 30 at its lower portion.

It will be understood that flexible or other loose connections will be provided in the pipes 11, 13 and 15 so as to preserve the con-v nection of the cylinder 9 with said pipes during the upward and the downward movements of said cylinder.

The port 30 is connected with the source of compressed air permanently, while the connectlon of the ports E, 10 and 23 with the source of compressed air is made and Each of the mold.

The arms 5 are moved inwardinterrupted at the times specified hereinafter. The diameter of cylinder A should be larger than that of cylinder 27.

It will be understood that when the machine is at rest, compressed air entering the cylinder 27 at 30 will hold the piston 28 and, through its intermedium, the cylinder 9 and blank mold V, in the upper position shown in Figs. 2 and 10. At the same time, compressed air passing from the port 26 of the cylinder 27 through the ipe 25 to the port 24 of the cylinder 17 w have shifted the piston. 18 to the left, causin the knives X to close toward each other. urthermore, the air entering the cylinder 17 at 24 will have passed from the port 16 through the pipe 15 to the central inlet 14 of the cylinder 9, thus causing the pistons 8 to move apart, and the blank mold V to open. At the same time, since in moving apart'the pistons 8 have uncovered the ports 12, the air entering at 14 will have reached the pipe 13 and through it the inlet D at the bottom of the cylinder A, causingthe piston F, head H, and neck mold I to rise. As soon as the piston F clears the by-pass B as shown in Fig. 2, the air passing up through B will lift the piston J and plunger M. The com ressed air passes from the cylinder A throng the openings G into the hollow piston rod G and closes the valve N. The ports E, 10 and 23 are disconnected from the source of compressed air, and the connections of the vacuum pump or other suction device with the pipes R U are likewise interru ted. The finishing mold S and the slide U 'or the mold bottom U are in the position illustrated by Fig. 8.

- To recapitulate, the position of rest of the several parts is as follows: The pistons F, J and the parts connected therewith (neck mold l, plunger M) are raised as shown in Fig 2; the valve N is closed as shown in Fig. 4; the finishing mold S is open and its bottom U moved'aside as shownm Fig. 8, while the openin U alines with the axis of the istons F,'J; t e blank mold V is raised and open, and the knives X are closed below the blank mold. The piston 28 and the cylinder 27 form a cushioning device tending to keep the mold V in itsupper position.

To. start the operation, air is admitted simultaneously or about so to the inlets E, 10 and 23. The admission of air at the latter port causes the piston 18 to be moved to the right and thus opens 0r se arate? the knives X by means of the toggle links 20 and levers 21. The entrance of air at the inlet 10 causes the pistons 8 to move to ether as shown in Fig. 12, thus closing t e blank mold V as shown in F 9. The air flowing into the extension B o the cylinder A first presses down the piston J only, so as to cause the plunger M to be projected downwardly beyond the' head H, this relative position being shown in Fig. 1.

. pressure on the piston F.

The movement of the pistons 8 toward each other has closed the ports 12 and thus disconnected the ort D at the bottom of the c linder A from t e com ressed air supplied t ough the inlet 30. T ere is therefore no counter-pressure in the lower part ofthe cylinder A, and the pistons- J and F, after coming together, move downward in unison until the neck mold I engages the blank mold V. Then the blank mold is forced downward owing to the fact that the diameter of the piston F is larger than that of piston 28, so that there is a reponderance of he neck mold I cad H, and iston rod G ass through the opening-U o theslide U and the blank mold passes throu h thetable W into the molten glass W, t 's being the position of parts shown in- Fig. 1. Connection is then established between the pipe R and the vacuum pump or other suction device. Inasmuch as the openings G of.the piston rod G are in communication with the chamber R, see Fig. 1, air will be sucked out throu h the openings P and .Q (Fig. 3) lifting the valve N, and exerting .a suction within the blank mold V, it being understood that the plungerM fits loosely in. the bottom plate of the head H. The glass is thus sucked up into the blank mold V as shown in Fig. 1, and

drawn forcibly against and around the plunand the other parts rest outlet 26 through the M and against the head H and neck mold The material is thus driven into the neck mold with considerable force and perfectly shaped therein. Thereupon the supply of compressed air to the inlets E, 10 and 23, is interrupted. The downward pressure on the piston F and on the blank mold V having ceased, the upward pressure of the air admitted to the cylinder 27 through the inlet 30 will causethe piston 28 to rise, lifting the blank mold V together with the neck mold I on the blank mold, throu h the medium 0 the head H and iston rod When the piston 28 and the lank mold V have risen to the osition shown in Figs. 2 and 10, air will pass om the i e 25 to the port 24 of cylinder 17, and w' t us drive the piston 18 over to the position shown in Figs. 9 and This will cause the knives X; to move to ward each other below the blank mold V and to cut off any glass adhering to the bottom of said mold. As the piston 18 uncovers the port 16 ofithe cylinder 17, air will pass from the pipe 25 to the -pipe-15.and to the port 14 ofcylinder 9. This will cause the pistons 8 to move apart, separating the blank mold sections. he upward movement of the blank mold V has raised the neck mold I and the arts connected therewith only ,aportion of t eir upstroke. The remainder of. the u Ward movement of these parts is broug 't about as. follows: When the pistons 8 move apart to open the blank mold V,they allow 'rounded'at its edge so t air to pass from the inlet 10 through the'pipe 13 to the inlet D at the bottom 0 the cylinder A. The .air liftsthe piston LF and the parts connected therewith. The blank adering to the neck mold I is thus raised into the finishing molduS, which .is-still in-the open position. illustrated by Fi 1. As soon as the openin s G enter the cy 'nder-A, compressed air owing into the hollow piston rod G will close the valve N. As the area of the said valve and of the cage L-is smaller than that of the piston F, the upward pres:

sure on the piston will prevail. In order to enable the said piston to start readily from its'lower position, such istonis beveled or hatitheair will get under it, and a like construction is employed for. the pistons J and 28.

-Whenthe piston Fat the end of its upstroke uncovers the by-. ass B, the compressed air will pass into t e extensionB and raise the upper piston J, .and with it the valve cage L, so as to Withdraw the plunger M from the neck ofthe glass blank, as shown in Figs; 2 and 4'. The bottom U isthen slid under the blank, and. the finishing mold-S is closed, these in Figs. 2 an arts taking the posltionshown 5 7. Suction through the-pipe R is then discontinued, and apphedthrough the pipe U so as to roduce avacuum in the chamber U. TlllS chamber being in communication with the casing S, and the mold S as well as .the upper wall of the chamber U being perforated, the air entering the glass blank either through imperfect joints or through a valve H to be described presently, causes the glass to expand to the sides and bottom of the finishing mold, which pf course, corresponds to the shape of the article it is desired to form. In the present illustration this article is a bottle, but it is to be understood that all kinds of hollow; glassware may be made according to my process.

When the article issmall, suflicient atmospheric airwill generallyv enter through-imperfect joints. Where the leaka e is insufficient, I may provide a specia suction valve H, as shown in Figs. 3 and 11, opening inwardly and communicating withan annular chamber H ofthe head H. This chamber is so arranged that during. the-first operation of drawing the-glass into the blank ber H from communicatiouwith the space in which suction is created. When the;

valve. cage has been raised, as in Fig. 2, the

chamber H is open'to'the interior of the piston rod G, and thus airmay enter through the valve H 'into'the bottle, whichis bein pressed outwardly against .the perforate finishing. moldS by the suction a-pplied on the outside of said mold.

When the article has been formed inthe manner just described, the two parts of the mold casing S and the mold S, are sepa rated, or, in other words, the finishing mold is opened,-after which the neck mold I is opened and the finished article removed.

After the article has been removed, the sliding bottom U is again moved aside (Fig. 8) to allow the parts carried by the piston rod G to descend and repeat the operation, as hereinbefore described.

It will thus be seen that in using my apparatus suction is successively applied in opposite directions, that is, suction is first used to force the glass toward the neck of the bottle (in the present illustration) so as to mold the said neck which is generally headed, and

then suction is applied from the outside,

while atmospheric air has access to the inside of the article, for the purpose of expanding said article toward the bottom of the bottle. The material is therefore subjected successively to opposite strains.

In Fig. 11 I have shown a slight modification in the construction of the piston rod G and valve cage L. These parts are substantially the same as in Fig. 4, but in the inner wall of the piston rod G I have added a longitudinal groove G which is slightly longer than the valve cage L. The opera 'tion in this case will be substantially the same as above described, differing only in the following particular :When compressed air is admitted to the cylinder A at D, and

the 'istons F and J rise together, the neck mold I'with the blank adhering thereto, will be lifted as before described. WVhen' the piston F reaches'the top of the cylinder A,

- and compressed air passes through the bypass B to the extension B, the piston J is lifted further and the valve cage L is thus caused to move upward within the piston rod G. At the moment that the lower end ofthe valve cage L gets above the lower end of the groove G compressed air from the upper part of the. hollow piston rod G will ass through the same groove G to the ower end of said piston rod and into the hole which has been'formed in the blank by the plunger M. This puff of compressed air will causethe hole formed by the withdrawal of the plunger to be expanded, as

will beunderstood by comparing the showing in Fig. 4 with that in Fig. 11. This expansion of the cavity facilitates the finishing of the blank in the mold S. This operation involving an enlargement of the cavity' formed by-the plunger M, is recommended for hollow articlesof relatively large size.

It Will be observed that in both species of my invention described hereinbefore, the

. narrow end or neck of the blank is directed upward during the-entire operation, so that the influence ofgravity is always in the same direction and all side strains and injury are avoided that might be caused by inverting the blank during the process of manufacture. As the position or direction of the blank remains the same (that is, with the neck pointing in the same direction) during both suction operations, the blank is subjected sim ly to longitudinal strains exerted successivey in opposite directions and a uniform action of both forces is the result, with a regular shaping of the article. The two suction operations are. upward and downward respectively and the injection of air, is downward in the second example or species described. These features, however, need not all be employed conjointly, as various modifications may be made without departing from the nature of my invention as defined in the claims.

This present application is a division of one filed by me in the United States Patent Office on November 18, 1905 Serial No.

located at a different level from the blank mold, and a neck mold vertically relatively to both of said first-named molds, to transfer the blank from the blank mold to the finish ing mold, all of said molds being located in alinement.

2. In apparatus for making hollow glassware, a finishing mold, a blank mold movable vertically beneath the finishing mold and a neck mold movable through the finishing mold to transfer the blank from the blank mold to the finishing mold.

3. In apparatus for making hollow glassware, a finishing mold, a blank mold beneath the finishing mold, and a neck mold or blank carrier movable through the finishing mold to transfer the blank from the blank mold to the finishing mold all of said molds being located in alinement.

4. In apparatus for making hollow glassware, a blank mold, a cushioning device tending to keep said mold in its upper osition, means for forcing the blank mold own to contact with the molten glass, and means for drawing glass into 'the' said mold by suction.

' 5. In apparatus for manufacturing hollow glassware, a horizontally separate blank mold provided with an opening in its bottom for the introduction of the molten glass, a neck mold movable vertically in relation to said blank mold, and a horizontally separable finishing mold located at a higher level than the blank mold, and arranged to receive the blank which has been lifted fromthe blank mold by the vertical movement of the neck mold.

6. In apparatus for manufacturing hollow glassware, a vertically movable separable blank mold, a neck mold movable vertically in unison With the blank mold and also having an additional vertical movement indemold for producing hollow glassware within the mold, a movable bottom for said mold, and a blank carrienmovable through said mold. I

8. In apparatus for; making hollow glassware, a finishing mold, a transversely movable bottom for said mold, provided with an o ening, and a blank carrier movable through t e mold and the opening in the bottom.

9. In apparatus for mixing hollow glassware, a mo d casing, a finishing mold having apertures through which suction may be applied and sup orted from the mold casing by a perforated partition and a movable bottom having apertures registering with the apertures in said perforated part tion and other apertures through which suction may be applied. 10.' In a paratus for making hollow glassware, a iiiiishing mold having apertures through which suction may be exerted to expand the blank, a blank carrier for bringing a blank upward into said mold, and a transversely movable bottom for said mold, said bottom having an opening for the passage of the blank carrier, and a suction chamher with upwardlydirected apertures.

11. In afiparatus for making hollow glassware, a cy 'nder containing a piston'for the upward movement of the blank mold, another cylinder arranged to receive compressed fluid from the first when the said piston is near its upper position, and a piston arran ed in the second cylinder and connected wit a cutter adapted to work beneath the raised mold.

12. In a paratus for making hollow glass ware, a cy 'nder containing a piston for the upward movement of the blank mold, another cylinder arranged to receive compressed fluid from the first when said piston is near its upper position, a piston arran ed in the second cylinder and connectedwit a cutter adapted to work. beneath the raised mold, a third cylinder arranged to receive compressed fluid from the second at the end of the cutters -o eration, and piston mechanism withinthe tliird cylinder to open or close the blank mold. 13. In apparatus for making hollow glassware, a cylinder containing a piston connected with aneck mold or blank carrier, a plunger'fitted to slide within theblank carrier, and a supplementary piston connected with the plunger to operate the same. i

14. In afiparatus for making hollow glassware, a ho ow piston rod having end openings through-which suction may be exerted, and additional openings through which, according to their position, air may be admitted into the rod under pressure, or withdrawn therefrom by suction, a valve located between the two sets of openings and adapted to become seated when the interior of the rod is under pressure, and means for moving the piston rod.

15. In a paratus for making hollow glass ware, 5 cy 'nder-having' an extension with a by-pass leading thereto, a piston movable in the cylinder andcontrolling said by-pass, a hollow piston rod connected with said piston and carrying a neck-mold, said rod having openings which at one time receive compressed air from said cylinder, and at another time are within 'a suction chamber, a valve cage movable in the piston rod adjacent to the neck mold and having a through passage, a valve adapted to close said passage when the interior of the piston rod communicates with the cylinder, a plunger and a plunger rod connected with said valve cage, .and a piston connected with the plunger rod and movable into the extension of the cylinder.

16. In a paratus for making hollow glassware, a cy nder having an extension with a by-pass leading thereto, a piston movable in the cylinder and controlling said by-pass, a

. hollow piston rod connected with said piston and carrying a neck-mold, said rod having openings which at one time receive compressedair from said cylinder, and at another time are within a suction chamber, a valve cage movable in the iston-rod adjacent to the neck mold, and avin a through passage, a valve adapted to c ose said passage when the interior, of the piston rod --com municates with the cylinder, a'plun er and a plunger rodconnected with said va ve cage, and a piston connected with the plunger rod and movable into the extension of the cylinder, the iston rod havinga by-channel through which a pufi of compressed air may pass during the inward 'movement of the I plunger. I

17. In apparatus for making hollow glass-1 ware, afinishing mold "hav1ng apertures through which suction may be exerted to expand the blank, a neck mold having a pas- 18. In gfiplparatusfor making hollow glass-v ware, a 'shing mold having apertures through which suction may be exerted to 'expend the blank, a" neck mold having a passage adapted to cdmmunicate with the interior of the'article, a chamber surrounding said passage/and a valved channel leading from said chamber to the outside air, and a In testimony whereof, I have hereunto valve cage movable Within the neck mold signed my name in the presence of tWo sub- 10 4 and having a through passage controlled by scribing witnesses. a valve therein and adapted for connection with a suction device or exhausting means, CHARLES said cage being adapted to control the com- Witnesses: H Y

munication of said annular chamber with PAUL M. WILLIAMs,

the passage of the neck mold. REUBEN A. Fooe. 

